This module is part two of a two-part series. Part one, module 11 in the Pedagogy and Assessment course, discussed the critical role oral language proficiency plays in English learner (EL) English acquisition, literacy development, and content area achievement. Part one also presented four instructional practices that promote the development of oral language proficiency. Part two delves deeper into the significance of oral language proficiency and provides additional practices and strategies teachers can use to promote oral language development.